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A psychological phenomenon whereby broadcasting expectations for someone else, alters their performance.
Featured in 2 UX Bites
Similar psychology:
Likely impacts:
When someone gets three answers wrong in a row, try reassuring them they're still making progress, so a run of mistakes doesn't signal that you expect them to fail.

If someone answers many correctly in a row, you could automatically raise the difficulty, showing you expect more, so the challenge stays interesting rather than too easy.

For first-time users, one option is to offer a few achievable starter challenges, so early wins build belief without asking people to lower their own ambitions.

After someone completes an action, consider awarding a badge and displaying the next reachable milestone, so each small win sets a positive expectation for what comes next.

It may help to set new users a clear early target, e.g., a word count that reveals extra stats, signalling you expect them to reach it and giving them something to aim for.

Treating users as capable, e.g., reassuring them after mistakes, may lift their confidence via the Pygmalion Effect, so they put in more effort rather than giving up.
When users are told they can do something well, the Pygmalion Effect could lead them to take more care over what they enter, improving the quality of their input.